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"The colonist's main problem with the passing of the Townshend Acts was the belief that taxation required representation and that they were not represented in the British Parliament."

-Facts about Townshend Acts

Quick Facts:

  • Date Passed: June 29, 1767 (Dickinson, 29)

  • Date repealed: 1770-all taxes repealed except tax on tea (Brinkley, 103)

  • Important people involved: British Chancellor Charles Townshend and colonists Samuel Adams and James Otis (Dickinson, 29-31)

  • Background: Previously, Britain had passed The Stamp Act, an act that taxed every printed document in colonists newspapers, pamphles, etc (Brinkley, 102). The colonists had become enraged by this, and thus revolt and riots developed (Brinkley, 102). The British then enthused the colonists by repealing the Stamp Act, allowling them to have the mindset that if they don't like what Britain is doing then the answer that will give certain results is revolt. However, the authority in Britain soon shifted to William Pitt, also known as Lord Chatham (Dickinson, 29). Because Chatham was overcome by mental illness, the leadership role was transferred to Chancellor Charles Townshend (Dickinson, 29). With Townshend's rise in leadership also rose two problems that would increase tension between Britain and the colonists. First, Townshend did not favor the colonists, and thought that their recent outbursts deserved punishment. Secondly, British troops in North America needed money to settle in there, and Townshend saw this as the best opportunity to both raise money and "humble" the colonists (Dickinson, 29).

  • Propositions & Colonist's Response: In order to raise more money for Britain, Townshend released several tax laws known as the Townshend Acts (Brinkley, 103). Specifically, one of the tax laws required a tax on all imported goods such as lead, paper, paint, glass, and tea (Facts About Townshend Acts). Secondly, Townshend re-enforced the navigation acts, trade acts, and the use of search warrants more strictly upon the colonists (Dickinson, 30). The use of search warrants allowed officers to enter buildings and find smuggled goods that colonists may have hidden (Dickinson, 30). Thirdly, Townshend declared that the money colonists made from imported goods should not only be used to pay for the protection of America, but also to reimburse British officials, governors, and officers (Dickinson, 30). Therefore, money Britain collected would then be used to pay the colonist civil officers, instead of assemblies paying their own officers (Dickinson, 30). Townshend also formed a five-man board called the Commmissioners of the Customs for America to oversee the collection of these these laws (Brinkley, 103). This committee established their headquarters in Boston, and as a result, much of the smuggling in Boston was eliminated, forcing merchants to use other ports (Brinkley, 103). Therefore, all merchants up and down the coast were affected, but the Boston merchants were the most affected out of everyone. Even though merchants were most affected, the majority of colonists were enraged. They viewed the use of search warrants as an abuse to their privacy, and the taxes as illegitimate illegitimate without colonist representation in Britain (Dickinson, 31). Also, they believed that Britain should not be able to pay their civil officers because that would result in the assemblies' loss of control over their governors (Dickinson, 31). Boston soon took charge in leading the protests (Brinkley, 103). More specifically, one colonial lawyer named James Otis passed a report urging colonists to use goods that weren't imported from Britain (Dickinson). As an alternative, he told them to try and make as many articles for themselves as they could (Dickinson, 31). Also, Samuel Adams, part of the Massachusetts Assembly, assisted in writing a letter to other assemblies that claimed the Townshend Acts were illegitimate because of the lack of colonists representation in Britain, and that "the proposal to pay the salaries of governors and other civil officials with Crown money was unconstitutional" (Dickinson, 31). Soon other merchants as well joined in with the movements in Boston and many boycotts were formed (Dickinson, 31).  Eventually later in 1767, Townshend died and his leadership was replaced by a new prime minister named Lord North (Brinkley, 103). Lord North quickly repealed all of the Townshend Acts except the tax on tea in hopes that the colonists would relinquish the boycotts (Brinkley, 103). However, this repeal was only temporary because the colonists weren't completely satisfied, and probably never would be until their freedom.

  • Contributions to Tensions between British & the colonists: One of the problems that contributed to the colonist's anger was the idea of "taxation without representation", meaning that the colonists didn't have actual representation in Britain. However, Great Britain deemed it ok because they argued that the colonists had "virtual representation" in Britain, meaning that people in Parliament were supposed to look out for the colonists interests (Facts About the Townshend Acts).  What really contributed to the tensions whether the colonists knew it or not was the fact that all of the Townshend Acts were repealed except for the tax on tea (Brinkley, 103). This tax was maintained so that Britain could prove to the colonists that they still had the right to tax them; they still had the right to control them. These tensions would help to fuel the fire of the American Revolution.

Website Sources:

  1. "Facts about the Townshend Acts." American Revolutionary War Facts. American Revolutionary War Facts, n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2015.<http://www.american-revolutionary-war-facts.com/Events-Leading-To-American-Revolution/Townshend-Act-Facts.html>. 

​Book Sources:

  1. Dickinson, Alice. The Townshend Acts. USA: Franklin Watts, 1968. Print. 

  2. Brinkley, Alan. The Empire in Transition. Sixth ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 2010. Print. 

Picture URL's:

  1. http://cdn.history.com/sites/2/2014/01/stars-and-stripes.jpg

  2. http://cdn.history.com/sites/2/2013/12/townshend-acts-hero-H.jpeg

  3. http://www.crareacatholic.com/lasalle/Resources/8th%20Websites%202013/Ty%20Bryce%20Erik%20rev%20war/Bryce%20Schult%20rev%20war/images/Townshend%2520Acts.jpg

  4. video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yR-3czPekcY

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